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  Portuguese Monthly
 
Dear Language Enthusiast,

Greetings from Transparent Language!  The first half of this newsletter is in Portuguese, followed by the English translation. We hope this helps you with your Portuguese language learning.

As we approach the year 2000 many questions arise around the issues of Y2K, as well as cultural and religious responses to the new millennium. Here at Transparent Language, Inc. we thought this would be a good opportunity for you to look at a contemporary topic and how Latin America is managing it. Included below are some interesting articles dedicated to the Y2K issues in Latin America. Is Brazil ready? What has Costa Rica done to avoid the Y2K bug? How will Y2K affect the economy?

You will also find tips for using PortugueseNow! appended to the articles.

Sincerely,
Transparent Language
www.transparent.com
Em Português:

Dentre o otimismo da rápida aproximação do século 21, está a incerteza ligada com o fenômeno Y2K. O centro principal desse dilema é o medo de que os sistemas de computadores falhem, porque os programas não estarão aptos a distinguir entre as datas dos anos 1900 e 2000, quando são representados por somente os dois últimos números. Isso poderia levá-los ao cálculo errôneo de dados, ao mal funcionamento de sistemas ou ao fechamento de redes. Muitos países em todo o globo já têm gastado bilhões de dólares em pesquisas e desenvolvimento necessários para remediar tais problemas.

Todavia, como interessados pela língua Portuguesa e cultura latino-americana, você poderia estar pensando o que os governos dessa região estão fazendo para endereçar o problema do Y2K? Alguém diria, "Muito pouco e muito tarde."

De acordo com o artigo de um jornal dos Estados Unidos, o New Hampshire Sunday News, aqui estão alguns exemplos de onde os países latino-americanos estão com esse problema do Y2K:

De acordo com o coordenador Brasileiro do Y2K, Marcos Osório, seu país, em comparação com os Estados Unidos, está atrasado em uns 13 a 15 meses; no acesso e reparo de sistemas de computadores falíveis que precisam assegurar a entrega de serviços essenciais tais como água, eletricidade e folhas de pagamento públicas o governo Brasileiro espera gastar 100 milhões de dólares em projetos com o Y2K neste ano.

O Peru encontra-se numa situação ainda mais precária do que a do Brasil. Com somente 16% dos problemas potenciais consertados no setor de sistemas públicos, somente 9% das agências estatais têm estabelecido planos de contingência para lidar com as falhas dos computadores. Instituições bancárias, que são administradas pelo estado, poderiam encontrar-se em problemas sérios.

Se o setor público não confia que os bancos sobreviverão às falhas potenciais do Y2K, oficiais temem que eles privar-se-ão em avanço como medida de segurança. Isso seria prejudicial para o setor bancário, nacionalmente e internacionalmente.

A Venezuela tem feito as tentativas mais pragmáticas para lidar com o vírus de computador do Y2K. Os planejadores do governo não têm nem mesmo se importado em tentar consertar muitos dos sistemas de computadores; ao invés, eles optaram em colocar 15.000 engenheiros de plantão em 1 de janeiro de 2000. Além disso, a Guarda Nacional e membros das Forças Armadas estarão de alerta no dia de Ano Novo, para manterem ordem e estabilidade.

A Costa Rica tem gastado mais de 40 milhões de dólares em consertos com o Y2K, e oficiais do governo têm confirmado que a maioria das agências governamentais têm determinado as áreas dos problemas e começaram a consertá-las, todavia o relógio não pára.

Chile, por outro lado, tem andado passos largos em preparo para o Y2K. Por exemplo, o governo tem investido mais de 150 milhões de dólares para elevar o nível de qualidade se seus sistemas de computadores para que sejam concordantes com o Y2K. Além disso, de acordo com oficiais, 39% das empresas de eletricidade, 58% das telecomunicações e 43% do gás natural e petróleo já têm sido reparados. O setor privado tem contribuído com a provável estabilidade do Y2K, investindo mais de 800 milhões de dólares em projetos de ajustamentos.

É importante que a América Latina prepare-se para o problema do Y2K, por causa das recentes ameaças de colapso econômico. Já, os Estados Unidos têm atraído programadores de computadores e engenheiros da América Latina para trabalharem em problemas nos Estados Unidos, facilitando as exigências de vistos e oferecendo bonificações. Se os governos latino-americanos falharem em apresentarem planos sólidos para o Y2K, isso poderia causar que os investidores estrangeiros entrassem em pânico, desta forma, causando o retiramento de capital, o qual mandaria a América Latina de volta a uma recessão econômica.
In English:

Amidst the optimism of the 21st century is the uncertainty linked to the Y2K phenomena. Centered around this dilemma is the fear that computer systems will crash because programs will not be able to distinguish between the dates of years 1900 and 2000 when they are represented by only the last two digits. This could lead to data miscalculations, system malfunction or network shutdowns. Many countries around the globe have already spent billions of dollars on research and development needed to counteract such problems. However, as enthusiasts of the Portuguese language and Latin American culture, you might wonder what the governments of this region are doing to address the Y2K problem? Some would say, "Too little, too late."

Here are some examples of where Latin American countries stand on the issue of Y2K according to an article in the newspaper from the United States, New Hampshire Sunday News.

According to Brazilian Y2K coordinator, Marcos Osorio, his country is lagging 13 to 15 months behind the United States in assessing and repairing unreliable computer systems that are meant to ensure the delivery of essential services like water, electricity and public payroll. The Brazilian government expects to spend 100 million dollars on Y2K projects this year.

Peru finds itself in an even more precarious situation than Brazil. With only 16% of potential problems fixed in the public sector systems, only 9% of state agencies have established contingency plans to deal with computer failures. Banking institutions run by the State could find themselves in serious trouble. If the public sector does not trust that banks will survive potential Y2K crashes, officials are afraid that they will withdraw their savings in advance as a safety measure. This would be detrimental to the banking sector, nationally and internationally.

Venezuela has taken the most pragmatic approach in dealing with the Y2K computer bug. Government planners have not even bothered to try to fix many of the computer systems, and instead have opted to put 15,000 engineers on call on January 1, 2000. Furthermore, the National Guard and members of the Armed Forces will be on alert on New Year's Day to maintain order and stability.

Costa Rica has spent more than 40 million dollars in Y2K fixes, and government officials have confirmed that most government agencies have determined problem areas and begun to repair them.

Chile, on the other hand, has taken great strides to prepare for Y2K. For instance, the government has invested more than 150 million dollars in upgrading its computer systems in order to be Y2K compliant. Furthermore, according to officials, 39% of electric utilities, 58% of telecommunications and 43% of natural gas and petroleum have been taken care of. The private sector has also contributed to probable Y2K stability by investing more than 800 million dollars in related projects.

It is important that Latin America prepare for the Y2K problem because of the recent threats of economic collapse. Already, the United States has attracted computer programmers and engineers from Latin America to work on the problems in the United States by loosening visa requirements and offering bonuses. If Latin American governments fail to present solid plans for Y2K, then this could cause foreign investors to panic, thereby causing the pullout of capital, which could send Latin America back into an economic recession.
Tips for PortugueseNow!

The following are some hints to help maximize your use of PortugueseNow!

Don't miss the Grammar information in the Grammar Window in the lower right-hand corner of the screen! This window tells you the part of speech of the selected word in the Title, along with other information.

LanguageNow! also includes a special Grammar Basics file to help you focus on grammar. To open it, choose 'Reference / Grammar Basics' to see the first page of Grammar Basics, or select a word in the Title, click the 'Word Tools' button, and select a grammar topic which applies to that word to go directly to the appropriate topic.
 

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